The History of the Gay Male and Lesbian Experience during World War II

Sections

The symbols and other methods of classifying prisoners

Paragraph 175 of the German Penal Code

How many people died?

What happened to lesbians?

Witnesses

Camps

Revisionist history and how to answer it.

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum including Homosexuals: Victims of the Nazi Era and Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich

References about the experiences of gay men and lesbians in Nazi-controlled Europe.

Since 1992, this website has provided information about the gay and lesbian experience in Nazi Germany.

Scott Safier maintains this page.

References

The accuracy of the information in this archive must be beyond question. Information contained in The Pink Triangle Pages originate from one of the following types of sources:

  1. from referenced books that are considered historically truthful
  2. from peer-reviewed journals
  3. from autobiographies of survivors
  4. from first-hand recollections of survivors
  5. from documents preserved in historical archives
An effort will be made to provide references for all the information contained in these pages. Any information that is reported suspect will be investigated and verified.

Heinz Heger, MEN WITH THE PINK TRIANGLE: THE TRUE LIFE-AND-DEATH STORY OF HOMOSEXUALS IN THE NAZI DEATH CAMPS, Allyson Publications, Inc., Boston Massachusettes, 1980, 117 pgs

Richard Plant, PINK TRIANGLE: THE NAZI WAR AGAINST HOMOSEXUALS, New Republic Books/Henry Holt and Company, Inc., New York New York, 1986, 257 pgs

We Were Marked With A Big "A", Joseph Weishaupt and Elke Jeanron Directors, Germany, 1991, video tape distributed by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

Paragraph 175, Produced and directed by Rob Epstein and Jeffrey Friedman, England, 2000, documentary.

Pierre Seel, LIBERATION WAS FOR OTHERS; MEMOIRS OF A GAY SURVIVOR OF THE NAZI HOLOCAUST, Pierre Seel translation by Joachim Neugroschel Basic Books/HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., New York New York, 1995, 186 pgs.

Gunter Grau, editor, HIDDEN HOLOCAUST, translated by Patrick Camiller, Cassell, New York New York, 1995, 308 pgs

Josef Kohout, Wilhelm Kropfl papers mss., Archives of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, reference RG-33.002

BUCHENWALD REPORT, translated by David A. Hacket, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder Colorado, 1995, 397 pgs

Mathew Priest at the University of Texas provided these additional references

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