Sections

The symbols and other methods of classifying prisoners

Paragraph 175 of the German Penal Code

How many people died?

What happened to lesbians?

Witnesses

Camps

Revisionist history and how to answer it.

The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum including Homosexuals: Victims of the Nazi Era and Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich

References about the experiences of gay men and lesbians in Nazi-controlled Europe.

Since 1992, this website has provided information about the gay and lesbian experience in Nazi Germany.

Scott Safier maintains this page.

• Hans Peter Bleuel, Sex and Society in Nazi Germany (Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1973).
• John M. Clum, Acting Gay: Male Homosexuality in Modern Drama (New York: Columbia University Press, 1994).----Much on Sherman's _Bent_
• Erica Fischer, AimÚe and Jaguar: A Love Story, Berlin 1943 (New York: HarperCollins, 1995).----Diaries, letters, and testimonies about a relationship to a woman married to a Nazi functionary and her Jewish girlfriend (killed)
• John C. Fout , Forbidden History: The State, Society, and the Regulation of Sexuality in Modern Europe (Chicago: _______, 1992).
• Max Gallo, The Night of the Long Knives (New York: Harper & Row, 1972). ----regarding the Roehm Putsch
• Gunter Grau, Hidden Holocaust? Gay and Lesbian Persecution in Germany 1933-45 (London: Cassel, 1995).----Period documents
• Edwin J. Haeberle, "Swastika, Pink Triangle, and Yellow Star: The Destruction of Sexology and the Persecution of Homosexuals in Nazi Germany," Hidden from History: Reclaiming the Gay & Lesbian Past, Martin Bauml Duberman, et al, eds. (New York: New American Library, 1989), p. 365-379.
• Heinz Heger, The Men with the Pink Triangle (Boston: Alyson Publications, 1980).----memoir
• Aart Hendriks, et al, eds., The Third Pink Book: A Global View of Lesbian and Gay Liberation and Oppression (Buffalo: Prometheus Books, 1993).
• Anton Kaes, et al, eds., The Weimar Republic Sourcebook (Berkeley, CA: The University of California Press, 1994).----Good source documents (contemporary to Weimar Rep.)
• Lesbianism and Feminism in Germany, 1895-1910 (New York: _____, 1975).
• Neil Miller, Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present (New York: Vintage Books, 1995).
• Richard Plant, The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War against Homosexuals (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1986).
• Frank Rector, The Nazi Extermination of Homosexuals (New York: Stein and Day, 1981).
• Pierre Seel, I, Pierre Seel, Deported Homosexual: A Memoir of Nazi Terror (New York: BasicBooks, 1995).----memoir
• James D. Steakley, The Homosexual Emancipation Movement in Germany (New York: _____, 1975).
• FILM: Desire: Sexuality in Germany 19xx-1945 (documentary: almost exclusively homosexual issues) Produced for BBC Channel 4 ca. 1989--available in better video rental stores (i.e. NOT Blockbuster)

Thanks to Matthew Priest at the University of Texas for this.